Strategic Narrative Rusia dalam Shanghai Cooperation Organization sebagai Manifestasi Kebijakan Ekspansionis

Abstract

Abstrak

Rusia menghadapi isolasi politik dan ekonomi pasca aneksasi Krimea (2014) dan invasi Ukraina (2022), sehingga mendorong perubahan orientasi kebijakan luar negeri melalui kebijakan ekspansionis Rusia. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) menjadi platform utama Rusia untuk memperkuat hubungan politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan dengan negara-negara Asia, sekaligus menyebarkan narasi strategis untuk membangun legitimasi dan memperluas pengaruh di Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana Rusia menggunakan strategic narrative dalam SCO sebagai manifestasi kebijakan ekspansionisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan analisis konten dan analisis diskursus terhadap pidato Presiden Vladimir Putin dan Menteri Luar Negeri Sergey Lavrov yang diambil dari situs resmi pemerintah Rusia. Kerangka konseptual yang digunakan meliputi kebijakan ekspansionis Rusia, strategic narrative, tindak tutur atau speech act. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rusia membangun tiga jenis narasi strategis di SCO: narasi identitas yang menegaskan Rusia sebagai kekuatan moral dan pelindung nilai tradisional; narasi sistem yang menggambarkan dunia multipolar anti-hegemoni Barat; serta narasi kebijakan yang menekankan legitimasi kerja sama keamanan, ekonomi, energi, dan stabilitas kawasan melalui SCO. Narasi-narasi ini diperkuat melalui tindak tutur (speech act) yang membingkai ekspansi Rusia sebagai respons sah terhadap ancaman eksternal. Secara keseluruhan, SCO menjadi instrumen bagi Rusia untuk mengamankan pengaruh geopolitik di kawasan Asia.

Kata-kunci : kebijakan ekspansionis, narasi strategis, Rusia, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), tindak tutur

Abstract

Russia has faced political and economic isolation following the annexation of Crimea (2014) and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, thereby encouraging a shift in its foreign policy orientation through Russia’s expansionist policy. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has become Russia’s main platform for strengthening political, economic, and security relations with Asian countries, while simultaneously disseminating strategic narratives to build legitimacy and expand influence in Eurasia. This study aims to describe how Russia uses strategic narrative within the SCO as a manifestation of its expansionist policy. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive method with content analysis and discourse analysis of speeches by President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov obtained from the official website of the Russian government. The conceptual framework consists of Russia’s expansionist policy, strategic narrative, and speech act. The findings show that Russia constructs three types of strategic narratives in the SCO: an identity narrative that emphasizes Russia as a moral power and protector of traditional values; a system narrative that portrays a multipolar world opposing Western hegemony; and a policy narrative that highlights the legitimacy of cooperation in security, economy, energy, and regional stability through the SCO. These narratives are reinforced through speech acts that frame Russia’s expansion as a legitimate response to external threats. Overall, the SCO becomes an instrument for Russia to secure geopolitical influence in the Asian region. 

Keywords : expansionist policy, Russia, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), speech act, strategic narrative