Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia terhadap European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) atas Isu Pengelolaan Lahan Sawit

Abstract

Abstrak
Uni Eropa merupakan salah satu pangsa pasar yang berpengaruh bagi Indonesia karena dari total keseluruhan ekspor produk CPO Indonesia, 14,5% di antaranya diimpor oleh Uni Eropa. Baru-baru ini Uni Eropa menetapkan regulasi baru yang mencakup standarisasi uji kelayakan bebas deforestasi, aturan legalitas asal produksi, keterlacakan berdasarkan daerah asal lahan, serta penggolongan berdasarkan risiko deforestasi. Regulasi tersebut dipandang sebagai hambatan non-tarif yang mengancam komoditas unggulan Indonesia, yakni produk kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menganalisis lebih dalam upaya diplomasi ekonomi dan diplomasi perdagangan yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam menghadapi EUDR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya respons positif dari Uni Eropa terhadap berbagai langkah yang ditempuh Indonesia, mulai dari mengirimkan surat, menginisiasi joint letter, melaksanakan joint mission, melakukan dialog dengan Uni Eropa dan produsen kelapa sawit dunia, mempercepat pemenuhan standar EUDR, hingga mengajukan pembentukan Ad Hoc Joint Task Force atau gugus tugas gabungan. Uni Eropa memberikan respons positif dengan menyetujui pembentukan gugus tugas gabungan tersebut bersama Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk mencari solusi atas permasalahan yang muncul dari EUDR, khususnya yang juga mengancam negara-negara produsen kelapa sawit.

Kata kunci: EUDR, Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit, Hambatan Non-Tarif, Diplomasi Ekonomi, Diplomasi Perdagangan.

Abstract
The European Union is an influential market for Indonesia, as 14.5% of Indonesia’s total CPO exports are imported by the European Union. Recently, the European Union issued new regulations that include the standardization of deforestation-free feasibility tests, rules on the legality of production origins, traceability based on the area of land origin, and classification based on the risk of deforestation. These regulations are viewed as non-tariff barriers that threaten Indonesia’s key commodity, palm oil. This research analyzes in greater depth the economic diplomacy and trade diplomacy efforts carried out by Indonesia in responding to the EUDR. The findings show that the European Union gave positive responses to various efforts made by Indonesia, including sending letters, initiating a joint letter, carrying out a joint mission, holding dialogues with the European Union and global palm oil producers, accelerating compliance with EUDR standards, and proposing the establishment of an Ad Hoc Joint Task Force. The European Union responded positively by agreeing to form this task force, known as the Ad Hoc Joint Task Force, together with Indonesia and Malaysia to seek joint solutions to the problems arising from the EUDR, particularly those that also threaten palm oil–producing countries.

Keywords: EUDR, Palm Oil Exports, Non-Tariff Barriers, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Diplomacy