Exploration, Morphological Characterization, and Phenetic Relationship Analysis of Eria Orchids in Pancasari Forest, Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/Keywords:
Eria, exploration, morphological characterization, orchid conservation, phenetic relationshipAbstract
Orchids (Orchidaceae) are among the most diverse and economically important ornamental plants in Indonesia. The genus Eria comprises epiphytic orchids with ecological, conservation, breeding, and potential pharmacological value; however, its local diversity remains insufficiently documented in several forest habitats. This study aimed to explore, identify, and characterize Eria orchids in Pancasari Forest, Bali, and to assess their morphology-based phenetic relationships. Field exploration was conducted from June to December 2024. Species identification was performed using literature-based morphological comparison and interviews with local orchid collectors, whereas characterization included vegetative and reproductive characters of stems, leaves, flowers, and pseudobulbs. Qualitative and quantitative morphological data were analyzed descriptively and subjected to cluster analysis using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method in Minitab 19. Four Eria species were recorded and characterized: Eria hyacinthoides, Eria iridifolia, Eria multiflora, and Eria verruculosa. The species differed in leaf shape, leaf margin, leaf apex, leaf surface texture, flower type, flowering position, aroma, sepal and petal morphology, and several quantitative characters such as stem or pseudobulb length, leaf size, flower diameter, and pseudobulb diameter. Cluster analysis indicated that the recorded taxa/accessions were separated into distinct phenetic groups with low similarity, suggesting considerable morphological divergence. The results provide baseline information for local orchid conservation and may support future breeding programs, although molecular validation is recommended to confirm taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.
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