KOSAKATA MODALITAS BAHASA INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN METABAHASA SEMANTIK ALAMI
Abstract
Indonesian modality lexicons, specifically harus, perlu, ingin, harap, suka, and mau, possess complex semantic nuances and are frequently treated as synonyms in everyday usage. This study aims to dissect the semantic structures of these six lexical items using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach, utilizing universal semantic primes to generate explicit and verifiable explications. The analysis results indicate that each word possesses a unique semantic configuration: ingin represents pure mental volition, whereas mau entails an intention to act; suka focuses on positive affective evaluation, while harap combines desire with future uncertainty; and harus is grounded in the logic of inevitable consequences, distinct from perlu, which is characterized by instrumental causality. It is concluded that this approach effectively provides precise semantic mapping, which is beneficial for lexicography, language teaching, and linguistic studies.
Keywords: Modality; Indonesian Language; Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM); Semantic Primes
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