Pertanian Vertikal Pintar: Peran IoT dalam Mewujudkan Keberlanjutan dan Efisiensi Sumber Daya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/MITE.205.v24i01.P03Kata Kunci:
efisiensi sumber daya;IoT;keberlanjutan;ketahanan pangan;Pertanian vertikal.Abstrak
Pertumbuhan populasi dan urbanisasi yang pesat menimbulkan tantangan besar dalam ketahanan pangan global dan ketahanan pangan, terutama di wilayah perkotaan. Konversi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan pemukiman dan infrastruktur mengurangi kapasitas produksi pangan lokal, sementara perubahan iklim memperburuk ketidakpastian hasil panen. Dalam menghadapi tantangan ini, pertanian vertikal berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) muncul sebagai solusi inovatif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan sistem produksi pangan. Teknologi IoT memungkinkan sistem pertanian vertikal untuk memantau dan mengontrol variabel lingkungan seperti suhu, kelembapan, pencahayaan, dan nutrisi tanaman secara real-time melalui sensor yang terhubung dengan kecerdasan buatan. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman, mengurangi pemborosan sumber daya, serta memaksimalkan hasil panen dengan konsumsi energi yang lebih rendah. Dari segi keberlanjutan, pertanian vertikal berbasis IoT memungkinkan produksi pangan sepanjang tahun tanpa bergantung pada lahan luas dan kondisi cuaca eksternal. Pemanfaatan teknologi ini juga membuka peluang ekonomi baru dengan menciptakan sistem pertanian mandiri di perkotaan yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji lebih lanjut bagaimana IoT berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya, keberlanjutan lingkungan, serta dampak ekonomi dan sosial dari pertanian vertikal, dengan tujuan menciptakan sistem produksi pangan yang lebih cerdas, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penerapan IoT dalam pertanian vertikal terbukti sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan dan mengoptimalkan efisiensi sumber daya dalam produksi pangan perkotaan. Melalui pemantauan real-time dan sistem kontrol otomatis, IoT memungkinkan pengaturan yang presisi terhadap faktor lingkungan utama seperti suhu, kelembapan, pencahayaan, dan kadar nutrisi, sehingga memastikan pertumbuhan tanaman yang optimal dengan minimnya pemborosan sumber daya.
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