PENARIKAN DIRI AMERIKA SERIKAT DARI PARIS AGREEMENT DALAM PERSPEKTIF PRINSIP ITIKAD BAIK (GOOD FAITH)
Keywords:
Paris Agreement, Penarikan Diri, Itikad Baik, Perubahan IklimAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penarikan diri Amerika Serikat dari Paris Agreement dengan perspektif prinsip itikad baik (good faith) dalam hukum perjanjian internasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach), serta analisis kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun penarikan diri Amerika Serikat dilakukan sesuai ketentuan Pasal 28 Paris Agreement secara prosedural, tindakan tersebut secara substansial bertentangan dengan prinsip good faith sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 26 Konvensi Wina 1969 (pacta sunt servanda). Sebagai pengemisi gas rumah kaca terbesar kedua di dunia, Amerika Serikat memiliki tanggung jawab hukum, moral, dan politik untuk mendukung tujuan kolektif menahan kenaikan suhu global di bawah 2°C dan berupaya membatasinya hingga 1,5°C. Penarikan diri ini melemahkan integritas perjanjian, menggerus kepercayaan antarnegara, menimbulkan ketidakpastian diplomatik, serta memberi sinyal negatif yang berpotensi menurunkan kepatuhan global. Perbandingan dengan penarikan Kanada dari Kyoto Protocol dan Jepang dari International Whaling Commission menunjukkan pola serupa, yaitu sah secara formal namun bermasalah secara normatif karena lebih mengutamakan kepentingan domestik sempit. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Paris Agreement bukan sekadar ekspresi political will, melainkan komitmen hukum internasional yang wajib dilaksanakan dengan penuh itikad baik untuk menjaga efektivitas rezim hukum iklim global.
This study examines the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement through the perspective of the principle of good faith in international treaty law. The research employs a normative legal method with a statute and conceptual approach, supported by qualitative analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings reveal that although the United States followed the procedural requirements of Article 28 of the Paris Agreement, the withdrawal is substantively inconsistent with the principle of good faith as set out in Article 26 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (pacta sunt servanda). As the world’s second-largest greenhouse gas emitter, the United States bears legal, moral, and political responsibility to contribute to the collective goal of limiting global temperature rise to below 2°C while striving for 1.5°C. The withdrawal undermines the integrity of the agreement, erodes mutual trust among states, creates diplomatic uncertainty, and sends a negative signal that may weaken global compliance. Comparisons with Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol and Japan’s withdrawal from the International Whaling Commission show a similar pattern: procedurally valid but normatively problematic because it prioritizes narrow domestic interests over global collective responsibility. These findings affirm that the Paris Agreement cannot be viewed merely as political will but constitutes a binding legal commitment that must be implemented in good faith to preserve the effectiveness of the international climate regime.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Putu Melina Anjani, Made Maharta Yasa (Author)

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