PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DALAM MODUS PERDAGANGAN ORANG: ANALISIS PIDANA TERHADAP KASUS ONLINE SCAMMING DI MYANMAR

Abstract

Penelitian ini berfokus pada proses pengkajian pengaruh teknologi digital terhadap modus Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO), khususnya pada kasus online scamming yang melibatkan Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) di Myanmar. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual serta pendekatan analitis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan teknologi digital telah dimanfaatkan oleh sindikat transnasional untuk menjalankan TPPO melalui modus online scamming. Perekrutan korban dilakukan melalui platform media sosial dengan menawarkan janji kesempatan pekerjaan dengan upah tinggi di luar negeri, namun setelah tiba di lokasi justru dipaksa bekerja dalam kompleks tertutup. Paspor disita, korban mengalami kekerasan, bahkan dijual kembali antar sindikat. Salah satu kasus mencuat pada 2022 di Myawaddy, ketika sejumlah WNI berhasil diselamatkan melalui kerja sama Indonesia–Thailand. Meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki regulasi yang cukup, seperti Pasal 2 dan Pasal 4 UU No. 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan TPPO. Implementasi dan koordinasi antar lembaga masih perlu diperkuat. Studi ini merekomendasikan strategi hukum pidana terpadu yang mencakup penguatan penegakan hukum, perlindungan korban, peningkatan literasi digital, serta kerjasama internasional yang lebih adaptif terhadap dinamika kejahatan berbasis teknologi.

This research focuses on the process of assessing the influence of digital technology on the mode of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO), especially in online scamming cases involving Indonesian Citizens (WNI) in Myanmar. This study applies normative legal research methods with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach and an analytical approach. The findings of the study show that the development of digital technology has been used by transnational syndicates to carry out trafficking through online scamming modes. The victim was recruited through social media platforms by offering the promise of high-paying job opportunities abroad, but after arriving at the location, they were forced to work in a closed complex. Passports were confiscated, victims were subjected to violence, and even resold between syndicates. One of the cases emerged in 2022 in Myawaddy, when a number of Indonesian citizens were rescued through Indonesia-Thailand cooperation. Although Indonesia has sufficient regulations, such as Article 2 and Article 4 of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, the implementation and coordination among agencies still need to be strengthened. This study recommends an integrated criminal law strategy that includes strengthening law enforcement, victim protection, enhancing digital literacy, and more adaptive international cooperation in response to the dynamics of technology-based crime.