Pengaruh Kebijakan Proteksionisme Trump Bagi Perekonomian AS (Studi Kasus: Tarif Impor AS Terhadap China)

Abstract

Abstrak

Kebijakan luar negeri dan ekonomi Amerika Serikat yang mengambil prinsip “America First” dengan mengimplementasikan proteksionisme yaitu penerapan tarif produk impor China dalam dua periode Trump memberikan pengaruh terhadap perekonomian Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh kebijakan tarif Trump bagi perekonomian Amerika Serikat, khususnya yang diterapkan terhadap China. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah library research, dengan pendekatan konsep proteksionisme dan perang dagang sebagai alat analisis utama untuk menjawab rumusan masalah dengan adanya klasifikasi proteksionisme menurut Philip L Levy. Kebijakan proteksionisme Trump merupakan konsep intentional protectionism yaitu penerapan tarif untuk mengurangi defisit perdagangan AS dan melindungi industri pertanian AS. Kebijakan proteksionisme dalam dua periode Trump, tidak signifikan mengatasi defisit perdagangan karena masih bergantung dengan produk impor China, namun perekonomian AS mengalami pertumbuhan karena Trump berhasil mengatasi kerugian ekspor pertanian ke China pada tahun 2018-2019 melalui pemberian subsidi ekspor dan kesepakatan “Phase One trade Deal”.

Kata-kunci : Donald Trump, Proteksionisme, Perang Dagang, America First, Perekonomian AS

Abstract

The United States' foreign and economic policy, which takes the principle of "America First" by implementing protectionism, namely the implementation of tariffs on Chinese imported products in Trump's two terms, has an influence on the United States economy. This study aims to explain the influence of Trump's tariff policies on the United States economy, especially those applied to China. The data collection technique used is library research, with the approach of the concept of protectionism and trade war as the main analytical tool to answer the formulation of problems with the classification of protectionism according to Philip L Levy. Trump's protectionist policy is a concept of intentional protectionism, which is the application of tariffs to reduce the US trade deficit and protect the US agricultural industry. Trump's protectionist policies in two terms did not significantly overcome the trade deficit because it was still dependent on Chinese imported products, but the US economy experienced growth because Trump managed to overcome the losses of agricultural exports to China in 2018-2019 through the provision of export subsidies and the "Phase One trade Deal" agreement.

Keywords : Donald Trump, protectionism, trade war, America First, US economy