SISTEM SAPAAN DALAM BAHASA MELAYU BANDA: KAJIAN SOSIOPRAGMATIK DI KEPULAUAN BANDA
Abstract
Banda Malay is the language used by the people of the Banda Islands in various aspects of social life. Politeness in speech reflects community identity, particularly through the use of greeting systems. Greeting systems not only function as forms of address but also reflect social relationships, age, status, kinship, and the values of politeness upheld within the community. However, under the influence of language use and terminology in the contemporary digital era, the younger generation often no longer considers relevant social contexts and cultural norms, thereby violating norms of politeness in speech. Therefore, this study aims to (1) identify and describe the greeting system in Banda Malay and (2) analyze the social factors influencing its use from a sociopragmatic perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a sociopragmatic approach. Data in the form of greeting utterances were obtained through observations of natural conversations among the Banda community and semi-structured interviews with informants purposively selected based on age, social status, and kinship relations. The data were analyzed by classifying forms of greetings and interpreting their pragmatic functions as well as politeness strategies in speech. The results of the research show that the greeting system in Banda Malay has been absorbed from several foreign languages due to historical factors and the conditions of a multiethnic society, thus forming a very diverse variety of greetings. The findings are categorized into three forms of greetings in Banda Malay: (1) kinship based greetings, (2) non-kinship greetings, and (3) profession-based greetings. Moreover, the use of greetings is strongly influenced by factors such as age, gender, kinship relations, social status, profession, as well as the context and purpose of communication. Greetings function as markers of respect, intimacy, social hierarchy, and local cultural identity. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that the greeting system in Banda Malay is dynamic and contextual, making the choice of greeting an important strategy for maintaining harmony and politeness in social interactions within the Banda community
Keywords: Greeting system, Banda Malay, Sociopragmatics
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