Development and Preliminary Validation of the KRSK-DN Questionnaire: A Methodological Study

Abstrak

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are major causes of pain, disability, and reduced productivity worldwide. Although dry needling is widely used in physiotherapy, outcome evaluation is generally limited to clinical indicators, while patients’ subjective socioeconomic perceptions and therapy-related decision-making remain insufficiently assessed.

Objective: To develop and conduct a preliminary evaluation of the content validity, readability, and internal consistency of the Kuesioner Respons Sosioekonomi dan Keputusan Terapi Dry Needling (KRSK-DN).

Methods: A methodological cross-sectional study was conducted in Denpasar, Indonesia, in January 2026 involving 30 respondents who had undergone dry needling therapy. Instrument development included construct identification, item generation, content validation by four expert validators, readability testing, and internal consistency assessment. Content validity was evaluated using the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.

Results: The final KRSK-DN consisted of 11 items across three domains: therapy cost and accessibility, activity and productivity, and perceived value and therapy decision-making. All items demonstrated excellent content validity with an I-CVI of 1.00. Readability testing indicated that all items were clearly understood by respondents. Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.819, indicating good reliability.

Conclusion: The KRSK-DN demonstrated preliminary evidence of excellent content validity, adequate readability, and good internal consistency for assessing patients’ subjective responses following dry needling therapy. Further studies are needed to evaluate additional psychometric properties.