The Association Between Physical Activity and Lower Extremity Flexibility in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Aging is associated with progressive musculoskeletal decline, including reduced lower extremity flexibility, which may impair gait performance, balance, and functional independence among older adults. Physical activity is considered an important modifiable factor for maintaining musculoskeletal function and flexibility in aging populations.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between physical activity level and lower extremity flexibility among community-dwelling older adults in Melinggih Village, Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia.
Methods: This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design involving 61 older adults aged ≥60 years recruited using purposive sampling. Physical activity level was assessed using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ), while lower extremity flexibility was measured using the Sit and Reach Test (SRT). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with p<0.05.
Results: Most participants demonstrated moderate physical activity levels (70.5%). The mean BPAQ score was 8.98±1.37, while the mean SRT score was 0.46±4.36 cm. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive association between physical activity level and lower extremity flexibility (r=0.680; p<0.001). The findings indicate a moderate-to-strong clinically relevant association between habitual physical activity and flexibility performance among older adults.
Conclusion: Physical activity level was significantly associated with lower extremity flexibility among older adults. Regular physical activity may contribute to maintaining flexibility and functional mobility; however, causal relationships cannot be established due to the cross-sectional design.