Tandem Walking Exercise Improves Dynamic Balance in Reducing Fall Risk Among the Elderly: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Introduction: Elderly individuals are prone to balance disorders due to decreased muscle strength, postural changes, and reduced proprioceptive and visual function, all of which increase the risk of falls. This study aims to examine the effect of Tandem Walking Exercises on dynamic balance to reduce fall risk in older people.

Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The study population consisted of elderly individuals in Karangasem Village, Central Java, with 70 participants. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 50 respondents. Balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Normality testing was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as the sample size was ≥50. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to evaluate balance changes before and after the intervention in the intervention group.

Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in the average TUGT time (pre-test: 20.65 seconds; post-test: 17.96 seconds; p = 0.012). Conversely, the control group did not exhibit significant changes (pre-test: 19.70 seconds; post-test: 20.33 seconds; p = 0.180).

Conclusion: Tandem Walking Exercise is proven effective in improving dynamic balance and reducing fall risk in older people. This intervention can be implemented as part of fall prevention programs in elderly communities.