Physiotherapy Management Before ACL Reconstruction: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly result in knee instability, decreased functional capacity, and an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Preoperative physiotherapy, including progressive strengthening and neuromuscular training, has been reported to optimize postoperative outcomes. This case report aims to evaluate the effects of preoperative physiotherapy on physical readiness in a young adult patient with a grade 3 ACL injury.

Methods: A single case study design was employed. Data were collected through patient self-report and physical examination. The patient underwent four physiotherapy sessions prior to ACL reconstruction, including pain management, quadriceps and hamstring strengthening, and proprioceptive training. Functional outcomes, pain intensity, and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and after the fourth session.

Results: A 33-year-and-9-month-old male patient with a grade 3 ACL injury presented with knee pain, gait instability, and limitations in physical activity. Following four sessions of preoperative physiotherapy, notable improvements were observed in pain reduction, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and functional mobility, particularly walking stability.

Discussion: Preoperative physiotherapy contributed to enhanced physical and psychological preparedness for surgery, potentially mitigating postoperative complications. These findings suggest that targeted pre-reconstruction rehabilitation is essential for optimizing functional outcomes.

Conclusion: Physiotherapy management prior to ACL reconstruction effectively improves function, reduces pain, and prepares patients for the postoperative period. Preoperative intervention should be considered an integral component of ACL injury management.