Environmental Risk Factors and Fall Incidence Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Falls represent a major public health concern among older adults, often leading to injuries, reduced independence, and decreased quality of life. While intrinsic factors contribute to fall risk, environmental hazards play a critical role and remain preventable through proper interventions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 33 older adults enrolled at the Gamol Elderly Integrated Health Post (Posyandu Lansia Gamol) in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Environmental risk factors were assessed using a standardized home safety checklist, while fall risk was measured with a validated fall risk questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Kendall Tau correlation test to examine the association between environmental hazards and fall risk.

Results: Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between environmental hazards and fall risk (p < 0.05). The most frequently identified hazards were poor lighting, slippery flooring, and unsafe bathroom conditions. No significant association was observed between fall risk and demographic variables, including age, sex, and occupation (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Environmental hazards substantially contribute to fall risk among older adults. Preventive strategies should include home modifications, periodic safety assessments, and education for both families and community health workers. Coordinated efforts through government health initiatives and infrastructure development are essential to enhance safety and preserve independence among older adults.