Association of Physical Activity and Family History with Blood Pressure in Women Aged ≥40 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a major global health concern and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Its development is influenced by modifiable factors, such as physical activity, and non-modifiable factors, such as family history. Women aged ≥40 years are particularly vulnerable to hypertension due to physiological changes associated with aging. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity levels and family history with blood pressure among women aged ≥40 years in Mengwitani Village.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 83 purposively selected women aged ≥40 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), family history was determined through structured interviews, and blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho and chi-squared tests.

Results: Spearman’s rho analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between physical activity and blood pressure (p = 0.001; r = –0.419), indicating that lower physical activity was associated with higher blood pressure. Chi-squared testing showed a significant association between family history and blood pressure (p < 0.001), with respondents reporting a family history of hypertension at greater risk of developing elevated blood pressure.

Conclusion: Physical activity and family history are significantly associated with blood pressure in women aged ≥40 years. These findings highlight the importance of promoting physical activity and early screening, particularly in individuals with a family history of hypertension.