Integrated Infrared, Electrical Stimulation, and Mirror Therapy in Bell’s Palsy Rehabilitation: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Bell’s palsy is an acute unilateral facial nerve paralysis that causes facial muscle weakness, impaired facial expressions, difficulty closing the eyes, and psychosocial limitations. Physiotherapy interventions are commonly used to facilitate functional recovery; however, evidence regarding integrated multimodal approaches remains limited.
Objective: To describe the effectiveness of a multimodal physiotherapy program consisting of infrared therapy, electrical stimulation, and mirror exercise in improving facial function in a patient with Bell’s palsy.
Methods: This case report involved a 52-year-old male diagnosed with Bell’s palsy presenting with facial asymmetry, incomplete eye closure, and cheek muscle weakness. The patient underwent a four-week physiotherapy program combining infrared therapy, electrical stimulation, and mirror exercise. Outcomes were evaluated periodically using the UGO Fisch classification, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and the Facial Disability Index (FDI). Descriptive analysis was used to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes.
Results: Following four weeks of intervention, facial function showed substantial improvement. The UGO Fisch grade improved from V to III, indicating better facial nerve function. Muscle strength increased from MMT grade 1 to grade 3, while the FDI score improved from 52 to 80, representing a 53.8% increase in functional status. Improvements were also observed in facial symmetry, eye closure, self-confidence, and social participation.
Conclusion: The combination of infrared therapy, electrical stimulation, and mirror exercise was associated with improved muscle strength, facial function, and quality of life in a patient with Bell’s palsy. These findings suggest that multimodal physiotherapy may be an effective rehabilitation strategy to support functional recovery and enhance patient outcomes.