Pulmonary Rehabilitation Improves Functional Capacity, Dyspnea, and Physiological Responses in COPD: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation, dyspnea, and reduced functional capacity. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a key non-pharmacological intervention that improves clinical outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured pulmonary rehabilitation program on dyspnea, physiological responses, and functional capacity in a patient with COPD.
Methods: This single-case report involved a 48-year-old female with COPD who underwent a 4-week pulmonary rehabilitation program (3 sessions/week), including breathing exercises, airway clearance, graded walking, and energy conservation. Exercise intensity was maintained at Borg Scale 3–4. Outcomes included Borg Scale, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, heart rate, and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Data were analyzed descriptively without inferential statistics.
Results: Borg Scale decreased from 5 to 3, SpO₂ increased from 90% to 94%, respiratory rate decreased from 28 to 22 breaths/min, and heart rate decreased from 98 to 88 beats/min. The 6MWT distance increased from 216 m to 298 m (+82 m), exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and indicating clinically meaningful improvement. Additional findings included reduced accessory muscle use and improved sputum clearance.
Conclusion: This case suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation may improve dyspnea, cardiorespiratory responses, and functional capacity in COPD. However, results should be interpreted cautiously due to the single-case design.