Comparison of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Hamstring flexibility is an important component of musculoskeletal fitness that contributes to movement efficiency, postural control, and injury prevention. Reduced hamstring flexibility is frequently observed in adolescents, particularly among those with sedentary lifestyles. Static stretching (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS) are commonly used to improve flexibility; however, evidence regarding their comparative effectiveness in adolescents remains inconsistent.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of SS and DS on hamstring flexibility in adolescents.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2019 and 2025. Eligible studies included adolescents with reduced hamstring flexibility who received SS and/or DS interventions. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published in English were included. Due to heterogeneity in intervention protocols and outcome measures, data were synthesized narratively.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Both SS and DS significantly improved hamstring flexibility. DS generally produced greater short-term improvements in flexibility and functional performance, whereas SS showed beneficial effects when performed consistently over longer periods. Flexibility outcomes were mainly assessed using the sit and reach test and the Active Knee Extension Test.

Conclusion: Both SS and DS are effective for improving hamstring flexibility in adolescents. DS may provide greater short-term benefits, while SS remains effective for long-term flexibility improvement. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are needed.