Early Physiotherapy in a Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patient with Hypertension and Diabetes: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of morbidity requiring Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Patients undergoing CABG commonly present with comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may impair postoperative recovery, particularly pulmonary function and functional capacity.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of early physiotherapy on oxygen saturation, thoracic expansion, pain, and functional recovery in a post-CABG patient with multiple comorbidities.

Methods: This study was conducted as a case report following CARE guidelines. A 53-year-old male with triple-vessel coronary artery disease underwent CABG and had comorbid hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Early physiotherapy was initiated during the acute postoperative phase, including diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active range of motion exercises, and progressive mobilization. Outcomes were assessed at three time points (T1–T3), including oxygen saturation (SpO₂), thoracic expansion, pain using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and vital signs.

Results: SpO₂ increased from 95% to 99% (Δ+4%). Thoracic expansion improved from 1 cm to 2 cm at the axillary level. Pain during movement decreased from NRS 4 to 2 (Δ−2), while resting pain decreased from 2 to 1. Vital signs remained stable, and no adverse events were observed.

Conclusion: Early physiotherapy in a post-CABG patient with hypertension and diabetes demonstrated improvements in pulmonary function, pain reduction, and functional capacity. Structured and individualized rehabilitation appears safe and beneficial in the acute postoperative phase.