Effectiveness of Dual-Task Training for Cognitive Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Dual-task training (DTT), which integrates simultaneous motor and cognitive activities, has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to improve cognitive function in older adults.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dual-task training in improving cognitive function among older adults with MCI.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DTT interventions and reporting cognitive outcomes were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.

Results: Seven RCTs involving 710 participants were included, with PEDro scores ranging from 6 to 7, indicating moderate to high methodological quality. DTT interventions (6–12 weeks, 2–3 sessions per week) consistently demonstrated significant improvements in global cognitive function (e.g., MoCA increase up to +2.47 points; p<0.001) and executive function compared with control groups. Several studies reported moderate to large effect sizes (η² = 0.161–0.442).

Conclusion: Dual-task training is an effective intervention for improving cognitive function, particularly global cognition and executive function, in older adults with MCI. Further research with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up is required to strengthen clinical recommendations.