Effectiveness of DNS and SI Sensorimotor Exercises in a Child with Down Syndrome: A Case Study

Abstract

Introduction: Sitting and crawling are essential milestones in gross motor development. Children with Down syndrome frequently experience delays due to hypotonia and impaired sensory integration, leading to difficulties in coordination and postural control. Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) and Sensory Integration (SI) approaches aim to stimulate neuromuscular and sensory systems to enhance motor development.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the effects of a combined Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Sensory Integration intervention on gross motor function, primitive reflex maturation, and sensory responses in a child with Down syndrome.
Methods: This descriptive case study involved a 2-year-old male with delayed sitting and crawling abilities. The intervention consisted of four sessions over one month, including gym ball activities, quadruped and squat positions (DNS), and structured sensory activities (SI). Assessments included the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) for Dimensions A and B, primitive reflex testing, and sensory response observation.
Results: GMFM Dimension A scores improved from 68.8% to 91.2%, and Dimension B from 43.3% to 76.7%. Primitive reflexes, including the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) and palmar grasp reflex, decreased from positive to negative. Sensory responses showed notable improvement, particularly in vestibular, tactile, and auditory systems.
Conclusion: Combining DNS and SI approaches demonstrated positive effects on gross motor function, reflex maturation, and sensory integration in a child with Down syndrome. These findings highlight the potential of integrated sensorimotor interventions in addressing developmental delays associated with Down syndrome.