Experiences of Rubber Ball Grip Therapy After Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Hand muscle weakness commonly persists among older adults after non-hemorrhagic stroke and contributes to activity limitations. Rubber ball grip therapy is a simple home-based exercise frequently used in low-resource settings, yet qualitative evidence exploring patients’ perceived changes remains limited.
Objective: This study aimed to explore older adults’ experiences and perceived changes in hand muscle strength following rubber ball grip therapy after non-hemorrhagic stroke.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with two older adults living in a rural area of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Participants performed rubber ball gripping therapy at home for seven consecutive days. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) was used as a supportive observational measure to contextualize participants’ narratives. Data were analyzed thematically.
Results: Responses to therapy varied. One participant showed an observable improvement in hand muscle strength (MMT grade 3 to 4) accompanied by perceived ease of movement and increased functional confidence. The other participant demonstrated no change in muscle strength (MMT grade 2) and reported persistent fatigue and limitation. Baseline physical condition, daily activity level, motivation, and family support influenced perceived outcomes.
Conclusion: Older adults experience rubber ball grip therapy differently after non-hemorrhagic stroke. Individual and contextual factors play a crucial role in shaping perceived benefits of simple home-based hand exercises.