KONSTRUKSI PENGATURAN KOMPETENSI PENGADILAN NIAGA DALAM PERNYATAAN PAILIT BADAN HUKUM ASING BERBASIS CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY

Abstrak

Problematik perihal kedudukan hukum badan hukum asing sebagai pemohon pailit menjadi salah  satu isu sentral dalam rekonstruksi wewenang yang dilakukan  Pengadilan Niaga mendorong  pada urgensi formulasi kebijakan penanganan kepailitan lintas batas negara dalam hukum kepailitan nasional. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis dasar hukum pengajuan permohonan pernyataan pailit oleh badan hukum asing, menelaah kompetensi absolut dan relatif Pengadilan Niaga dalam kepailitan lintas batas negara, serta mengidentifikasi implikasi kekosongan norma menyangkut Kepailitan Lintas Batas Negara pada hukum positif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berbasis yuridis normatif berbasis pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan badan hukum asing memiliki legal standing memohonkan pernyataan pailit di Pengadilan Niaga Indonesia sepanjang memenuhi syarat kepailitan, dan Pengadilan Niaga berwenang memeriksa perkara tersebut berdasarkan domisili debitor. Namun demikian, ketiadaan pengaturan khusus mengenai kepailitan lintas batas negara menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, terutama atas  pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan kepailitan di luar negeri memerlukan formulasi kebijakan penanganan pernyatan pailit berbasis cross-border insolvency.

The issue of the legal status of foreign legal entities as bankruptcy petitioners is one of the central issues in the reconstruction of authority carried out by the Commercial Court, which has led to the urgency of formulating policies for handling cross-border bankruptcy in national bankruptcy law. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the legal basis for filing a petition for bankruptcy by foreign legal entities, examine the absolute and relative competence of the Commercial Court in cross-border bankruptcy, and identify the implications of normative gaps concerning Cross-Border Bankruptcy in positive law. The research method used is based on normative jurisprudence with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results of the study indicate that foreign legal entities have legal standing to file for bankruptcy in the Indonesian Commercial Court as long as they meet the requirements for bankruptcy, and the Commercial Court has the authority to examine the case based on the domicile of the debtor. However, the absence of specific regulations on cross-border insolvency creates legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency rulings, necessitating the formulation of policies for handling insolvency declarations based on cross-border insolvency.