TINDAK PIDANA PEREDARAN NARKOTIKA MELALUI DARKWEB DAN TRANSAKSI KRIPTO DI ERA SIBER

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji sejauh mana aturan pidana Indonesia mampu merespons peredaran narkotika yang kini memanfaatkan dark web dan transaksi berbasis aset kripto, serta merumuskan kebutuhan pembaruan hukum untuk menutup kekosongan norma di ranah siber. Kajian dilakukan melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang‑undangan terhadap UU Narkotika, UU ITE, KUHP, dan berbagai sumber hukum lain yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 masih belum merinci pengaturan terkait distribusi narkotika secara elektronik, termasuk pembayaran melalui cryptocurrency, penggunaan dark web, maupun aplikasi berkirim pesan terenkripsi. Ketidakjelasan batasan istilah “peredaran” dan “transaksi” dalam dimensi digital menimbulkan kerancuan hukum dan menghambat proses pembuktian, sehingga anonimitas teknologi dimanfaatkan pelaku untuk menghindari jerat pidana. Selain itu, pengaturan digital dalam UU ITE belum ditujukan secara spesifik untuk menanggulangi kejahatan narkotika berbasis teknologi. Karena itu, diperlukan rekonstruksi delik yang mencakup distribusi virtual, penguatan validitas alat bukti elektronik, serta prosedur forensik digital yang mengakomodasi transaksi kripto. Pembaruan hukum pidana yang komprehensif dan adaptif menjadi kebutuhan mendesak agar Indonesia mampu menghadapi pola kejahatan narkotika modern yang bersifat anonim, lintas batas, dan sangat bergantung pada teknologi. 

This study examines the extent to which Indonesian criminal law is able to respond to narcotics distribution that increasingly utilizes the dark web and cryptocurrency based transactions, and formulates the legal reforms needed to address normative gaps in the cyber domain. The research employs a normative legal method using a statutory approach to the Narcotics Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Criminal Code, and other relevant legal sources. The findings indicate that Law No. 35 of 2009 has yet to provide detailed regulation concerning the electronic distribution of narcotics, including payments via cryptocurrency, the use of the dark web, and encrypted messaging applications. The vague delineation of the terms “distribution” and “transaction” in digital contexts creates legal ambiguity and obstructs evidentiary processes, allowing perpetrators to exploit technological anonymity to evade criminal liability. Moreover, the digital provisions in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law are not specifically designed to address technology-based narcotics crimes. Therefore, reconstruction of criminal provisions is required to cover virtual distribution, strengthen the validity of electronic evidence, and develop digital forensic procedures that accommodate crypto based transactions. Comprehensive and adaptive criminal law reform is urgently needed to enable Indonesia to confront modern narcotics crime patterns that are anonymous, transnational, and highly technology driven.