Study of the Spatial Layout of Traditional Balinese Houses Based on Asta Kosala Kosali in the Pengurip Lembu Agung Typology for Homeless Individuals

Abstrak

Abstract Traditional Balinese houses are a cultural heritage that reflects the philosophical, spiritual, social, and functional values of Balinese society through the application of the Asta Kosala Kosali guidelines in the design process. These guidelines regulate building layout, spatial orientation, an anthropometry-based measurement system namely, a system for determining spatial and building dimensions based on the human body as well as the relationships among buildings within a residential compound, thereby creating a dwelling that is harmonious with the cultural values and beliefs of Balinese society. However, with the rapid development of modern housing, the comprehensive application of Asta Kosala Kosali has become increasingly uncommon. Therefore, efforts are needed to document and demonstrate its implementation as a means of preserving local wisdom. This study aims to design a traditional Balinese house based on Asta Kosala Kosali for the Kasta Satria Wesia typology, specifically the Pengurip Lembu Agung category, with the occupant's profession designated as homeless person. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using primary data obtained through anthropometric measurements of the occupant and secondary data collected from a literature review on Asta Kosala Kosali and the concepts of traditional Balinese architecture. The design process included determining the dimensions of the residential compound, organizing the spatial layout, positioning the buildings, establishing the number and dimensions of the saka, and arranging the vegetation according to the principles of traditional Balinese architecture. The design results demonstrate that the application of Asta Kosala Kosali produces a spatial arrangement consistent with the concepts of Tri Hita Karana, Tri Mandala, and Sanga Mandala, in which each building possesses functions, dimensions, orientations, and spatial relationships that correspond to the Pengurip Lembu Agung typology. This design confirms that Asta Kosala Kosali remains a relevant guideline for creating dwellings that are proportional, functional, and capable of preserving the cultural, spiritual, and architectural identity of traditional Balinese houses amid contemporary development.