Study of the Application of Asta Kosala Kosali andSikut Satak in the Planning of Traditional BalineseHouses with Pengurip Gajah

Abstrak

Abstrak  Traditional Balinese houses represent a form of the architectural heritage of the Indonesian archipelago, having evolved in accordance with the cultural, religious and philosophical values of Balinese society. The design of traditional Balinese dwellings is guided by the Asta Kosala Kosali, a system of rules governing spatial layout, orientation, dimensions and the
relationships between buildings within a natah (compound). One of the key elements of this system is Sikut Satak, a traditional measurement method that uses human body dimensions as a reference for determining the size of spaces and buildings. This study aims to examine the application of the principles of Asta Kosala Kosali in the planning of traditional Balinese houses, particularly regarding the determination of plot area, building orientation, the placement of entrances, the spacing between buildings, and the layout of the compound’s landscape. The method employed was descriptive qualitative research through a literature review of various sources relating to traditional Balinese architecture. The findings indicate that the application of Asta Kosala Kosali serves not only as a technical guideline for house construction but also reflects a harmonious relationship between humans, the environment, and spiritual values. Body-based measurement systems, such as depa, hasta, kilan, musti, nyari, and
atampak, result in building dimensions that are appropriate for the occupants. Furthermore, the division of space into the Utama Mandala, Madya Mandala and Nista Mandala reveals a spatial order that carries philosophical significance. Consequently, the Asta Kosala Kosali plays a vital role in preserving the identity of traditional Balinese architecture and must be safeguarded amidst the advance of modern development.