Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science
Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science (AJoAS) (Print-ISSN : 2088-155X, Online-ISSN: 2654-4008) is often called AGROTROP/Agrotrop a Scientific Journal of Agriculture who publish and disseminate research results to the researchers and scientists in the field of agriculture from Universities and Research Institutions throughout Indonesia. Agrotrop received a manuscript of research results (original research) containing results of basic and applied research about science and of Soil Science, Environmental Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Horticulture, Plant Diseases, Plant Protection, and Agricultural Biotechnology. The manuscript is written in Indonesian or English. The manuscript will be reviewed by reviewers from outside of the University of Udayana.
Perkecambahan In Vitro Biji Anggrek Vanda tricolor Lindl var. suavis dan Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl var. antropurpureum pada Media MS dengan Penambahan Berbagai Bahan Organik
In Vitro Germination of Orchid Seeds Vanda tricolor Lindl var. suavis and Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl var. antropurpureum on MS Medium with the Addition of Various Organic Supplements. Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis and Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. var. atropurpureum are epiphytic orchids with high aesthetic and economic value, making them potential for ornamental plant development. However, propagation through seeds remains challenging due to their tiny size and lack of endosperm. In vitro culture serves as an alternative solution to support efficient seed germination. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding organic supplements such a coconut water, mashed potato, and mashed banana to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on the in vitro germination of both orchid species, as well as to identity the most effective treatment. The experiment was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, from December 2024 to April 2025, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a split plot arrangement with two factors and three replicates. The results showed that V. tricolor responded best to ½ MS medium supplemented with 100 gL-1 mashed potato, achieving the highest germination and protocorm formation rate (88,33%) and the fastest germination time (21 days after sowing). Conversely, C. finlaysonianum showed the best response on the control medium (½ MS), with 11,65% protocorm formation. Media effectiveness was species dependent.
C. finlaysonianum Lindl. var. atropurpureum
Respon Pertumbuhan Protokorm Anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich terhadap Penambahan Berbagai Bahan Organik pada Media Secara In Vitro
Growth Response of Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich Protocorm to the Addition of Various Organic Substances in In Vitro Media. Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich Orchid, commonly known as the Emerald Orchid, is a species renowned for its beauty, characterized by yellow to light green petals. This aesthetic appeal makes it a popular choice as an ornamental or potted plant. However, the species is frequently harvested excessively and uncontrollably, posing a threat to its population. In addition, activities such as deforestation and extensive land clearing have resulted in the destruction of its natural habitat. One conservation method employed to protect this orchid is propagation through in vitro culture. This study aims to determine the effect of organic materials on the growth of protocorms of D. macrophyllum A. Rich and to identify the most effective organic material for its protocorm development. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, from December 2024 to March 2025. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with a single factor consist of eight treatments: D0, Dp, Dk, Dka, Dpa, Dpk, and Dpka. Each treatment was replicated six times, total 48 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of banana pulp to the MS medium produced the best outcomes in terms of the time of shoot emergence, time of leaf emergence, and root length.
Perbedaan Mortalitas Hama Spodoptera frugiperda pada Tanaman Zea mays ceralina L. dengan Perlakuan Tiga Ekstrak Tanaman
The Difference in The Attack Intensity and Mortality Spodoptera frugiperda on Zea mays ceratina L. Plants Due to The Application of Three Plant Extracts. This study aims to examine: whether the use of these extracts gamal leaf extract (Gliricidia sepium), lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon citratus), and green betel leaf extract (Piper betle) differences in the mortality of armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) on glutinous corn plants. This research is a true experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications, yielding 24 experimental units. The treatments applied were: A (control/no treatment), B (10% gamal leaf extract), C (10% lemongrass extract), and D (10% green betel leaf extract). The sample consisted of 120 third-instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, with five larvae used in each experimental unit. Mortality data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test, also at the 5% significance level. The results showed that: on the third day, treatment with gamal leaf extract caused 70% mortality. These findings suggest that the 10% gamal leaf extract is the most effective in controlling Spodoptera frugiperda.
Pengaruh Pemberian POC Rebung Bambu terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
The Effect of Bamboo Shoot Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Pakchoy Plants (Brassica rapa L.). Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) is one of the types of horticultural plants that is easy to cultivate. The growth and quality of pakcoy are currently declining due to several issues, namely non-fertile soil such as ultisol soil, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The purpose of this research is to determine the growth and production response of pakchoy plants to the application of different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots and to identify the best concentration. The research uses the Randomized Block Design (RBD) experimental method. There are 3 treatments used in this study, namely 100% NPK (P1), 100ml of liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots + 50% NPK (P2), and 120ml of liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots + 50% NPK (P3). The number of treatments is 3 and repeated 9 times, resulting in 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit contains 20 plants, including 10 sample plants, resulting in a total pakcoy plant population of 540 plants and a sample size of 270 plants. The maintenance carried out includes weeding, watering, and fertilizing. The parameters observed were the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight, crown weight, root weight, and root length. Based on the research results, the treatment application shows that there is no significant effect between treatments on the observation variables of the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight, and canopy weight. The application of a concentration of 100ml of liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots + 50% NPK showed significantly different results for the observation parameters of root weight and root length, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers for sustainable environmental conservation. The application of bamboo shoot liquid can also accelerate the harvest period to 3 weeks after planting with an average weight of 237g.
liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots
Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Hasil Cabai Merah
Application of Mycorrhiza and Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Yield of Red Chili. Red chili is a vital horticultural crop in Indonesia. To improve its production, advancements in agricultural technology are required. This study aims to determine the most effective dose of FMA and POC to enhance the yield. This study was carried out on dry land of Sukoharjo Regency an altitude 110 meters above sea level. The study designed in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with 3 replication. The first factor was mycorrhizae with three dosages levels of 0, 5, and 10 gr/ plant. The second factor was POC with 4 different concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml/L. The application mycorrhiza and Liquid organic fertilizer resulted increased yield namely in fruit number, length, weight, and overall productivity. The optimum productivity was resulted in combination of Mycorrhizal 10 grams per plant and 15 ml/L of liquid organic fertilizer at 11,16 ton/ha.
Efektivitas Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Lasiodiplodia sp. Penyebab Busuk Buah pada Anggur Bali (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavalle)
Effectiveness of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon citratus) to Inhibit the Growth of Lasiodiplodia sp. the Cause of Fruit Rot Disease in Balinese Grapes (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavalle). Balinese grape (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavalle) is a local Balinese fruit crop that is widely cultivated in the Buleleng Regency area. One of the pathogens that can attack this plant is the fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. which causes grape fruit rot. The use of botanical pesticides can be an alternative disease control that is more environmentally friendly, one of them is by using essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This research is conducted to evaluate lemongrass essential oil effectiveness to inhibit fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. growth causing fruit rot on Balinese grapes. The in vitro inhibition test of lemongrass essential oil was done on PDA medium using a range of concentrations namely 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3%; 0,4%; 0,5%; 0,6%; 0,7%; 0,8%; and control. Effectiveness test of lemongrass essential oil against Lasiodiplodia sp. in vivo on grapes fruits was done using concentrations including 0%; 0,3%; 0,6%; 0,9%; 1,2%; and 1,5%. Results showed that under in vitro condition lemongrass essential oil at a concentration of 0,3% was significantly (p<0,05) inhibited Lasiodiplodia sp. growth with percentage of inhibition by 100%, while under in vivo test the concentration of 1,5% was effective in suppressing fruit rot disease on Balinese grapes fruits caused by Lasiodiplodia sp. with a percentage of disease incidence by 57,5%.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Nutrisi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) dengan Hidroponik Sistem Sumbu
The Effect of Nutrient Type and Concentration on The Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) in Wick Hydroponic System. Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) is an annual leafy vegetable with long green leaves and crisp young stems. Its production has declined over the past three years. Hydroponics, a modern cultivation innovation, is expected to address this issue. Nutrient management is critical in hydroponics, as water lacks nutrients naturally found in soil. This study aimed to determine the optimal substitution percentage of inorganic AB Mix nutrients with organic alternatives. This study used a nested randomized block design with two factors and four replications: (1) combinations of AB Mix with organic hydroponic nutrients (spoiled rice liquid organic fertilizer and Eco Enzyme) and (2) substitution percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100). The study results indicate that the best treatment using a combination of AB Mix with spoiled rice liquid organic fertilizer occurred at 0% substitution, but showed no significant difference compared to 25% substitution. For the combination with Eco Enzyme, the optimal performance was also at 0% substitution, but it was statistically comparable to substitutions of 25% and 50%. The combination of AB Mix with Eco Enzyme showed no significant difference compared to AB Mix combined with spoiled rice liquid organic fertilizer. The study concludes that AB Mix can be substituted with spoiled rice liquid organic fertilizer up to 25% and with Eco Enzyme up to 50% without negatively affecting water spinach growth or yield in hydroponic systems.
Aplikasi Trichokompos Limbah Ternak Ayam dengan Kombinasi Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy
The Effect of Trichocompost Application of Chicken Manure with a Combination of NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Pakcoy Plants. The management of pakcoy vegetable production requires improving soil quality and proper fertilization systems. The obstacle faced by vegetable farmers is that limited agricultural land requires farmers to use suboptimal land, such as ultisol soils which have low nutrient content and high acidity levels. This causes the growth and yield of pakcoy plants to be less than optimal. The solution is in the form of using organic fertilizers such as trichocompost with raw materials from chicken livestock waste, enriched with Trichoderma sp. combined with NPK fertilizer. The study aims to analyze the effect of trichocompost application with the combination of NPK fertilizer on the response of pakcoy plants. The study applied the one-factor Group Random Design method, including four treatments and six replicates. The results of the study stated that the combination of 100 grams of chicken waste trichocompost with 50% NPK fertilizer was able to provide the best results on the growth of stem diameter, fresh weight and crown weight of pakcoy plants. This study shows that the use of trichocompost in the right dosage can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, increase the efficiency of fertilizer use and improve the quality of the soil in a sustainable manner.
Pemanfaatan Pupuk Kandang dan Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L)
Utilization of Manure and Mycorrhiza on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the horticultural commodities needed by the community as food. Increasing P uptake and onion growth and production can be done by applying manure and mycorrhiza. he purpose of this study is to identify the optimal mycorrhizal dosage and manure type to enhance shallot growth, yield, and P absorption. With an elevation of ± 1,340 meters above sea level and Andisol soil type, the study was carried out at the Berastagi Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation in Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, between June and August 2023. Three replications of a factorial Randomized Block Design were employed. In general, the application of the type of manure has a significant effect on plant height at 5 MST and 6 MST, tuber weight per clump, plant weight per plot, tuber wrap, tuber dry weight. The type of chicken manure can improve and make a noticeable difference to the growth and yield of onion plants. Mycorrhizal application of 10 g/plant can markedly increase tubers per clump, tuber weight per plot, tuber wrap, tuber dry weight per clump, mycorrhizal infection degree and plant P uptake. Application of chicken shrimp fertilizer and mycorrhiza 10 g / plant can increase tuber weight per clump and P uptake of plants.
Proses Invasi, Dinamika Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada Tanaman Bawang Daun di Bali
Invasion, Population Dynamics and Damage Intensity of Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Leek Crops in Bali. Onion aphids are an important invasive pest of leek leaves and stems in many parts of the world. It has been morphologically identified as N. formosana in Bogor but has never been reported in Bali. This study aims to evaluate the development of poipulation, percentage of attack and intensity of attack on leek plants at several altitudes in Bali. This study used survey method with diagonal sampling method. The results showed indications that the population, percentage and intensity of attack were higher in the medium altitude area (900 masl), compared to the high altitude (1247 masl) and low altitude (1500 masl). The highest population density was 100.8 individuals per clump at 900 masl. Meanwhile, the percentage and intensity of infestation increased with increasing plant age, and peaked at 61% at 900 masl, 46% at 1247 masl, and 40% at 1500 masl. These findings are important information in designing integrated management strategies and technologies for this pest in Indonesia.
Skrining Isolat Bakteri Pelarut Kalium Melalui Uji Hipersensitivitas, Uji Hemolisis, Serta Pengujian Viabilitas
Screening of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria Using Hypersensitivity, Hemolysis, and Viability Tests. This study aimed to evaluate the biosafety and viability of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) as potential biofertilizers through hypersensitivity testing on tobacco plants, hemolysis testing on Blood Agar media, and viability assessment using molasses and zeolite as carrier media stored at 27oC (room temperature) and 4oC (refrigerator). Hypersensitivity testing showed that the KSB isolate was non-pathogenic to plants, as indicated by negative reactions on tobacco leaves. Hemolysis testing indicated gamma-hemolysis, with no clear zones or color changes on Blood Agar, confirming that the isolate is non-pathogenic and safe for humans and animals. Viability was assessed using Total Plate Count (TPC) on molasses and zeolite as carrier media at 27 oC and 4 oC on days 14 and 28 after inoculation. The results showed that the KSB isolate in molasses stored at 27°C exhibited the highest population growth, reaching 5,6x10⁸ CFU/ml on day 14 and 6,7x10⁹ CFU/ml on day 28. In comparison, the KSB isolate in zeolite at the same temperature showed lower growth, 3,9x10⁸ CFU/g on day 14 and 1,1x10⁹ CFU/g on day 28. Both carriers stored at 4 °C showed slight declines in population, reaching 7,7x105 CFU/ml (molasses) and 3,9x106 CFU/g (zeolite) on day 28. These results indicate that molasses at room temperature (27 °C) is the most suitable carrier for maintaining viable KSB populations, supporting the development of safe and effective potassium-solubilizing biofertilizers that improve plant nutrient availability and ensure biosafety.
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Identifikasi dan Evaluasi Tingkat Keparahan Penyakit Blas Tanaman Padi serta Pengetahuan Petani di Kabupaten Gianyar
Identification and evaluation of disease severity and farmer’s knowledge of rice blast disease in Gianyar Regency. Blast is a primary disease in rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The symptoms of blast disease are characterized by diamond-shaped spots, brown edge and grayish-white spot on the inside. The aim of this research were to identify incident, severity and farmer’s knowledge of rice blast disease in five sub-districts in Gianyar Regency. The research were done by direct interview of 60 farmers and observation of rice blast disease. Every sub-district with a minimum area of 1.000 m2 and 10 rice plots was used for observations. From each plot, 10 diagonally selected clumps were examined for blast disease symptoms in the early vegetative, late vegetative, and generative phase. The results showed that Ubud District had the highest incidence of blast disease in the early vegetative phase (37.5%), followed by Tegallalang District in the late vegetative phase (62.9%) and generative phase (53.3%). Sukawati District had the lowest percentage across all phase with percentage of 20.3%, 42.6% and 38.5%. Furthermore, Sukawati District had the highest percentage of disease severity across all phase (11.84%, 32.03% and 40.23%), while Tampaksiring District had the lowest rates in early vegetative phase (4.21%) and generative phase (10.38%), followed by Ubud District in the late vegetative phase (5.29%). Based on the results, Tegallalang District and Sukawati District had the highest disease incident and severity, while Sukawati District and Tampaksiring District had the lowest disease incident and severity. Furthermore, the majority of farmers possess limited understanding of the causes and management of blast disease (78.33% and 96.67%). Thus, education and outreach regarding rice cultivation techniques and disease control are necessary to reduce prevent blast attacks in rice.
Propagasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) Glomus sp. dengan Kombinasi Pupuk NK, Hara Johnson, dan Kompos pada Inang Jagung Dalam Budidaya Greenhouse
Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Glomus sp. with the Combination of NK Fertilizer, Johnson Nutrients, and Compost on Maize Host in Greenhouse Cultivation. Indonesian farmers are now facing obstacles in obtaining fertile and productive land. Unfertile land can be improved by applying biofertilizers. The biofertilizer that can be utilized is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). This research effort was conducted by testing fertilizers that form the best combination for the propagation of AMF spores. This study aims to test and determine the combination of Glomus sp. Spores and several types of fertilizers can optimize the increase in spore quantity and identify the best fertilizer for enhancing colonization on maize roots (Zea mays L.). The research used a Randomized Block Design with four treatments on corn plants over 60 days, namely a positive control using 10 Glomus sp. spores without fertilizer combination (A); 10 Glomus sp. spores and 5 g of NK fertilizer (B); 10 Glomus sp. spores and 20 mL of Johnson's nutrient solution (C); and 10 Glomus sp. spores and 10 g of compost fertilizer (D). The observed parameters are root length; wet and dry weight of the roots; wet and dry weight of the shoots; the number of spores for each treatment; and the percentage of AMF colonization on the roots. Spores were obtained through the wet sieving method. The colonization calculation was performed using the slide method. Quantitative data analysis using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The research results show that combining fertilizer with Glomus sp. spores can optimize colonization and the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil. The best degree of the host plant’s root colonization is shown in combination with NK fertilizer, which is 84.56%. (very high).
Penggunaan Kombinasi Bicomat dan Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi pada Tanah Pasca Galian-C
The Use of a Combination of Bicomat and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Mustard Plants in Post-C Excavation Soil. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the combination of bicomat (biochar coated humate) and organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The study was conducted at the Green House-Science Techno Park, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang, in October-December 2024. Post-mining C soil was combined with bicomat (biochar coated humate) and organic fertilizer tithonia/silkworms, which were divided into 5 treatment combinations, then planted with mustard greens. Plant height (4 weeks after planting), root length (4 weeks after planting), number of leaves (1-4 weeks after planting), and wet-dry weight after harvest were observed. The results showed that the application of the combination of bicomat and organic matter had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and wet-dry weight of mustard greens. The B2PT2 treatment (Bicomat 20t/ha+300g tithonia compost fertilizer) increased the growth results and the highest yield (plant height 4 weeks after planting, number of leaves, and dry weight) and the B1PU1 treatment (Bicomat 10t/ha+200g silkworm manure) increased the fresh weight yield of mustard greens.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Urine Kelinci terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Melati Tumpang’)
The Effect of Rabbit Urine Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Vegetative Growth of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Melati Tumpang’). Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) jasmine tumpang is one of the most important plantation commodities in Indonesia. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers can have negative impacts on both the environment and the plants themselves. One alternative to avoid the continuous use of chemical fertilizers is to use liquid organic fertilizers such as liquid organic fertilizers of rabbit urine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and concentration of rabbit urine POC on the growth of tobacco plants. This study used a 1-factor randomized block design (RAK) with a concentration of rabbit urine POC consisting of 6 levels with 4 replications. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, fresh weight of the stover, dry weight of the stover, fresh weight of the leaves, and dry weight of the leaves. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA method (Analysis of Variance) following the RAK (randomized block design) procedure of 1 factor (single factor) and if the results of the treatment had a significant effect, it was continued with the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) level of 5%. The results of the study showed that the administration of rabbit urine POC significantly increased the growth of tobacco plants. A concentration of 30 ml/L (K2) gave the highest results in fresh leaf weight (162.85 g/tree) increased by 198.80% compared to the control (54.50 g/tree), and in dry leaf weight (38.22 g/tree) increased by 181.23% compared to the control (13.59 g/tree). The concentration of 30 ml/L (K2) had better tobacco leaf growth compared to other treatments.
Pertumbuhan Protokorm Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. pada Penambahan Berbagai Bahan Organik secara In Vitro
Growth of Orchid Protocorm Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. on Addition of Various Organic Materials In Vitro. Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. orchid is an orchid species known for its many benefits and dazzling flower visuals, making it one of the most desirable orchid species for collectors. However, the high demand and difficulty of natural germination in its natural habitat make the existence of this orchid species increasingly threatened. Conservation efforts are needed to maintain its existence through in vitro propagation. This study aims to find the best organic matter in Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. orchid protocorms on MS media. It was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 at the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar City, Bali. The research was arranged in a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six factors with four replications, and 24 experimental units were obtained, namely D0, Da, Dk, Dp, Dak, and Dkp. The results showed that the addition of several organic materials had a significant effect on two variables, namely on the time of bud emergence (Dk with 15.75 HST) and on the number of buds (D0 with 2.25 pieces). The Dk treatment tends to give the best results on shoot emergence time (15.75 HST) and leaf emergence time (10.50 HST). The D0 treatment showed the best results on the number of shoots (2.25 pieces) and the percentage of live planlets (81.25%). The Da treatment showed the best results in several variables such as the number of leaves (1.81 pieces), the number of planlet roots (1.06 pieces), the length of planlet roots (0.37 cm), and the height of planlets (0.47 cm).
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada Buah Apel
Effectiveness of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) to Inhibit the Growth of the fungus Colletotrichum sp. The Cause of Anthracnose Disease in Apples. Anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. is an important post-harvest disease of apples in Indonesia. Therefore, it is required to control the diseases in an environmentally friendly way, one of which is by using botanical pesticides. Betel leaf is one of the plants whose extract can be used as a botanical fungicide. This study aims to test the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract against the fungus Colletotrichum sp. that causes anthracnose disease in apples. The colony test used 8 concentrations, namely 0.8%, 0.16%, 0.24%, 0.32%, 0.40%, 0.48%, 0.56%, 0.64% and control. The in vivo test uses 5 concentrations, namely 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and control. The results showed that the colony test of green betel leaf extract with a concentration of 0.48% was able to significantly suppressed the growth of Colletotrichum sp. on PDA media, which means that it is possible to use as a botanical fungicide. On in vivo test, green betel leaf extract at a concentration of 1.2% was able to inhibit the growth of the colony Colletorichum sp and able to suppress anthracnose disease in apples by 64.07% compared to control.
Pengaruh Mimba Dan Biochar Sekam Padi terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Effects Of Mimba and Biochar on The Growth of Red Spinach Plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.). There are several natural substances can inhibit nitrificationin soils. Among them, neem with its antimicrobial properties capable to inhibit nitrification while biochar able to adsorb ammonium/nitrate, prevent N loss from the soil, and support to better plants growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of neem (leaves and seeds) and rice husk biochar on the growth of red spinach plants. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Soil and Environmental Biology Laboratory, and Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, from May to October 2024. This study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design consisting of 10 treatments, namely control (K), Urea (U), neem leaves (D), rice husk biochar (A), neem seeds (B), Urea + neem leaves (UD), Urea + neem seeds (UB), Urea + rice husk biochar (UA), Urea + neem leaves + rice husk biochar (UAD), and Urea + neem seeds + rice husk biochar (UAB) with each repeated 3 times, so there were 27 experimental units. The results showed that the tested treatment significantly affected the number of leaves and chlorophyll content. The Urea + rice husk biochar treatment had the highest number of leaves at 83.67 leaves and chlorophyll content of 34.87 SPAD-units compared to the control which had 60.33 leaves and chlorophyll content of 25.30 SPAD-units.
Pengaruh Mimba dan Biochar Sekam Padi terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Effect of Neem and Rice Husk Biochar on The Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). To meet the Nitrogen requirement for plants, farmers usually apply Urea fertiliser which provides a single N nutrient. N is a nutrient that is easily available to plants, but is also quickly deficient. The process of changing ammonium into nitrite which is toxic to plants through the process of nitrification is caused by soil microbial activity. Neem plants can suppress nitrifying bacteria because of its antimicrobial properties (azadirachtin), while biochar can retain nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Neem was shown to inhibit nitrification, helping to slow down the activity of bacteria responsible for denitrification, thus reducing the loss of urea from the soil. This study used a one-factor Randomised Group Design consisting of control treatment, Urea, rice husk biochar, neem leaves (powder), neem seeds (powder), urea + neem leaves, urea + neem seeds, urea + rice husk biochar, urea + neem leaves + rice husk biochar, and urea + neem seeds + rice husk biochar. The results of variance analysis showed that the treatments gave results that had a very significant effect on plant height, a significant effect on the number of leaves, and no significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD).
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Kelor terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Anyelir China (Dianthus chinensis L.)
The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Concentrations on the Growth and Output of China's Anyelite Plants (Dianthus chinensis L.). Chinese carnation (Dianthus chinensis L.) is one of the cultivated ornamental plants. Besides being an ornamental plant, Chinese carnation is also used as an edible flower. One of the efforts to increase the growth and yield of Chinese carnation plants is fertilization with Moringa leaf liquid organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and find the best concentration of Moringa leaf liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Chinese carnation plants. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design with 5 treatments of moringa leaf liquid organic fertilizer concentrations, namely 0 ml/l, 50 ml/l, 100 ml/l, 150 ml/l, and 200 ml/l, each repeated 5 times. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, number of branches, days to flowering, number of flowers per plant, fresh weight of flowers per plant, and total soluble solids of flowers. The results showed that the application of Moringa leaf liquid organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of Chinese carnation plants. Treatment P2 concentration of 100 ml/l Moringa leaf POC gave the highest results in the growth of Chinese carnation, found in the variable plant height of 20.94 cm, plant leaf area of 916.26 cm2, and days to flower appearance of 37.40 hst. Treatment P3 concentration of 150 ml/l Moringa leaf POC is the best concentration in the variable number of flowers per plant 50.00 florets, fresh weight of flowers per plant 7.90 g, and total soluble solids of flowers 17.08 0brix. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to conduct further research on the use of Moringa leaf liquid organic fertilizer to obtain the optimum concentration and maximum growth and yield of Chinese carnation plants.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Lasiodiplodia sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Buah Pisang Raja
Effectiveness of Green Betel Leaf Ekstract (Piper betle L.) to Inhibit the Growth of the Fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. the Cause of Stem End Rot Disease in Banana. Stem end rot disease caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. is one of the most important diseases that can reduce the yield of banana. The current control to overcome stem end rot disease is still using synthetic fungicides. The use of botanical fungicides is necessary to reduce the negative impact of synthetic fungicides. Green betel leaf is one of the plants whose extracts can be used as a botanical fungicide. This study aims to test the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract against the fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. causing stem end rot disease in banana. Colony test used eight concentrations of extracts, namely 0.08%; 0.16%; 0.32%; 0.40%; 0.48%; 0.56%; 0.64% and control. The in vivo test used five concentrations namely 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.2%; 1.6%; 2% and control. The results showed that green betel leaf extract with a concentration of 0.40% can suppress the growth of Lasiodiplodia sp. fungus on PDA media, which means it is feasible to use as a botanical fungicide. The results of the in vivo test showed that the treatment of green betel leaf extract at a concentration of 2% could reduce stem end rot disease on banana caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. The 2% extract concentration could reduce stem end rot disease on banana by 48.75% when compared to the control.
Analisis Potensi dan Status Kerusakan Tanah pada Lahan Pertanian Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Selemadeg Timur, Kabupaten Tabanan
Analysis of Potential and Status of Land Damage on Agricultural Land Based on Geographic Information System in Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency. Increased production activities that utilize natural resources can result in soil damage, resulting in a decline in soil quality and function. This decline in soil quality will reduce the productivity of natural resources, forestry, and agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for soil damage, the status of soil damage, and the distribution of soil damage on agricultural land in East Selemadeg District. The method used in this study was a comparative descriptive method. Based on the overlay of land use maps, slope maps, and soil type maps using a geographic information system, 7 homogeneous land units were obtained. The land uses observed were rice fields and mixed gardens with field observations of surface rocks and solum depth. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine bulk density, total porosity, texture, permeability, pH, DHL, and microbial counts. Determination of damage status was based on standard soil damage criteria. The results of the study showed two classes of potential soil damage, namely the potential for light soil damage in SLH 1, SLH 2, SLH 3, SLH 5 and the potential for moderate soil damage in SLH 4, SLH 6 and SLH 7. The status of light soil damage with limiting factors of permeability and DHL is in SLH 1, SLH 2, SLH 3, SL 4, SLH 5, SLH 6 and SLH 7.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Air Kelapa Muda terhadap Pematahan Dormansi Benih Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora L.)
Effect of Concentration and Soaking Time of Young Coconut Water on Breaking Dormancy of Robusta Coffee Seeds (Coffea canephora L.). Physical dormancy in coffee seeds is caused by structural restrictions on the seed, such as a hard and impermeable seed coat that acts as a barrier for water and gas to enter the seed. The seeds can germinate after going through a natural seed dormancy period. So it is necessary to break the seed dormancy at least to shorten the dormancy period. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and soaking time of young coconut water on breaking the dormancy of robusta coffee seeds. This research was conducted in the Green House of Tunas Dewata Nursery, Singakerta Village, Payangan Sub-district, Gianyar Regency, Bali 80572. This study used a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of young coconut water consisting of 4 levels namely 0%, 30%, 60%, 90% and the second factor is the length of immersion of young coconut water consisting of 4 levels namely 0 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours. The results showed that based on regression analysis, the optimal concentration of young coconut water for breaking the dormancy of robusta coffee seeds was 45% with a germination rate of 81.47%. Based on regression analysis, the optimal soaking time of young coconut water for breaking the dormancy of robusta coffee seeds is 12 hours with a germination rate of 72.84%. The interaction of concentration and soaking time of young coconut water had a very significant effect on breaking dormancy on the variables of germination, growth uniformity, and root length. The more the concentration of young coconut water is increased up to 60% and the longer the soaking time up to 12 hours, the more the percentage of germination increases.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Jamur Geotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Asam pada Umbi Wortel
Effectiveness of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) to Inhibit the Growth of the Fungus Geotrichum sp. the Causes of Sour Rot Disease in Carrot Tuber. Sour rot disease caused by the fungus Geotrichum sp. is one of the main postharvest diseases that can greatly reduce carrot production in the world. Until now, synthetic fungicides are still used to control sour rot disease. To reduce the use of synthetic fungicides, control of sour rot disease can be done by using botanical pesticides that are environmentally friendly because they are made from natural ingredients. Green betel leaf is one of the plants whose extract can be used as a botanical fungicide. This study aims to test the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract against the fungus Geotrichum sp. causing sour rot disease in carrot. Colony tests used eight concentrations of extracts, namely 0.8%; 0.16%; 0.32%; 0.40%; 0.48%; 0.56%; 0.64% and control. The in vivo test used five concentrations, namely 0.5%; 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5% and control. The results showed that the concentration of green betel leaf extract as low as 0.48% signifiantly (p<0.05) suppressed the growth of Geotrichum sp. fungus on PDA medium, which means it is feasible to be used as a botanical fungicide. The results of in vivo test showed that, treatment with green betel leaf extract at concentration of 2.5% significantly (p<0.05) reduced the sour rot disease on carrot tuber caused by Geotrichum sp. This treatment could reduced the sour rot disease on carrot tubers by 56.01% compared to the control.
Evaluasi Status Kesuburan Tanah Sawah untuk Pemupukan Berimbang Spesifik Lokasi Kecamatan Busungbiu, Buleleng
Evaluation of Paddy Field Fertility Status for Specific Balanced Fertilization in Busungbiu District, Buleleng. Rice is the main commodity cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. The obstacles experienced by farmers in Busungbiu District are related to the productivity of rice plants, one of which is fertilization. Rice production in Busungbiu District experienced a decline in production of around 2,214 tons from 2014 to 2018. This research aims to determine the status of soil fertility, identify limiting factors, and provide recommendations for management and application of location-specific balanced fertilizer on rice fields in Busungbiu District, Buleleng . The methods used in the research include survey methods and soil tests in the laboratory. So that seven homogeneous land units were obtained and soil samples were taken using purposive sampling and the chemical properties of the soil were analyzed, namely: Cation Exchange Capacity; Base Saturation; C-Organic; P-total; and K-total. The research results show that the land at the research location has two soil fertility statuses, namely low soil fertility status located at SLH I with an area of ​​217, SLH II with an area of ​​62 ha, SLH III with an area of ​​39 ha, SLH IV with an area of ​​84 ha, SLH V with an area of ​​43 ha, and SLH VII with an area of ​​370 ha. Medium soil fertility status was found at SLH VI with an area of ​​175 ha. Based on the P-total and C-organic content which is a limiting factor in soil fertility, it is necessary to add organic fertilizer using straw compost equivalent to 5 tons/ha and the recommended manure of 2 tons/ha, as well as adding phosphorus elements through 100 kg/ha SP-36 fertilization or NPK Phonska Fertilizer 100 kg/ha.
Pemupukan Berimbang Spesifik Lokasi Melalui Evaluasi Kesuburan Tanah di Lahan Sawah pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Tukad Oos
Location-Specific Balanced Fertilization Through Soil Fertility Evaluation in Rice Fields in the Tukad Oos Watershed. Rice is the most important food commodity for the people of Indonesia. However, farmers often face challenges in fertilizing their rice crops effectively. This study aims to assess soil fertility status, determine the spatial distribution of soil fertility, and provide site-specific balanced fertilization recommendations for rice fields in the Tukad Oos watershed. The methods used in this study include field surveys and laboratory soil tests. The process began with creating land unit (LU) maps by overlaying soil type maps, slope maps, and land use maps at a scale of 1:25,000. Five LUs were identified and used as working maps for monitoring and soil sampling in the field. The collected soil samples were analyzed for their chemical properties. The results indicated that the research location had two soil fertility statuses: low soil fertility in LUs III, IV, and V, and moderate soil fertility in LUs I and II. Low P-total and K-total content in LUs I, III, IV, and V were identified as limiting factors for soil fertility. To address this, it is recommended to add 100 kg/ha of SP-36 fertilizer or 100 kg/ha of NPK Phonska fertilizer, along with 100 kg/ha of KCl fertilizer, in accordance with the recommendations of Permentan No. 40 of 2007.
Pemetaan Erosi untuk Menentukan Perencanaan Konservasi Tanah dan Air di Kecamatan Busungbiu
Erosion Mapping to Determine Soil and Water Conservation Planning in Busungbiu District. Busungbiu district has a sloping area of more than one third of the area of Busungbiu district itself, with a percentage of sloping area of 36.02%. Busungbiu district is the district that has the highest sloping area in Buleleng Regency. This study aims to determine the level of erosion and its distribution, the amount of erosion allowed and the appropriate conservation planning in Busungbiu district. The methods used were field survey and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The results showed that Busungbiu district has very light to very heavy erosion levels with values of 0.39 tons/ha/year - 629.45 tons/ha/year. Very light erosion is found in HLU 1, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 with a total area of 3,303.52 ha. Light erosion is found in HLU 15 with a total area of 62.71 ha. Moderate erosion is found in HLU 8 and 10 with a total area of 721.95 ha. Heavy erosion is found in HLU 3, 5, 6, 9, 12 and 13 with a total area of 5,413.69 ha. Very heavy erosion is found in HLU 2, 4, 7 and 11 with an area of 1,632.04 ha. The allowable erosion value in Busungbiu district ranges from 8.78 tons/ha/year - 32.82 tons/ha/year. The recommended conservation planning is the improvement of vegetation and land management factors if erosion is greater than the allowable erosion, otherwise it needs to be conserved.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Studi Fenologi Bunga Ratna (Gomphrena Globosa L.) Fenotipe Ungu, Putih, dan Merah Muda dari Daerah Sibang Gede, Kabupaten Badung
Morphological Characterization and Phenology Study of Bunga Ratna (Gomphrena globosa L.) Purple, White, and Pink Phenotipe from Sibang Gede Area, Badung Regency. Gomphrena globosa L. are flowers that have many benefits. Balinese people often use ratna flowers as a means of ceremonies, ornamental flowers for decoration, and natural food coloring. In addition, the compounds contained in ratna flowers can also be useful as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant. Ratna flowers have a lot of advantages, so it is necessary to develop the cultivation of ratna flower plants so that their production is more maximal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the characterization of the morphology and phenology of ratna flower plants in the Sibang Gede Area, as well as to know the color phenotype of ratna flower plants can show differences in the phenology of the plant. The methods used in this study are qualitative and quantitative methods for morphological characterization and phenological studies. The method of determining the sampling area was carried out using the purposive sampling technique. The sampling method uses simple random sampling. The results obtained from this study are the morphological characterization of purple, white and pink phenotype ratna flower plants from Sibang Gede Area, Badung Regency showing that the morphological character of each phenotype only has a significant difference in the color of the flowers, while the morphological character of other parts of the plant has the same character. The phenology of ratna flower plants is divided into several phases, namely the germination phase, the vegetative phase, the generative phase, the flower emergence phase, the flower shape change phase and the flower producing physiologically ripe seeds phase. The color phenotype in ratna flower plants shows differences in phenology, namely in the purple phenotype, flowers appear faster than the white phenotype and the pink phenotype. As for the fastest growth, it is found in the white phenotype. The generative phase of the three phenotypes of ratna flower plants is at 70 days after planted until the plant senescence at 180 days after planted.
Pengaruh Serbuk Daun dan Kulit Buah Beberapa Jenis Jeruk sebagai Senyawa Volatil terhadap Mortalitas Sitophilus oryzae pada Beras
The Effect Of Leaf Poll And Fruit Skin Of Some Types Of Citrus As Volatile Compounds On Mortality Of Sitophilus oryzae In Rice. This research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University which took place from May 2024 to July 2024. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leaf powder and fruit peel of several types of citrus as volatile compounds on mortality of Sitophilus oryzae in rice. This research was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications, with a total of 21 experimental units. The treatments include: control (P0), 10 grams of kaffir lime leaf powder (P1), 10 grams of kaffir lime peel powder (P2), 10 grams of grapefruit leaf powder (P3), 10 grams of grapefruit peel powder (P4), 10 grams of Soe tangerine leaf powder (P5), 10 grams of Soe tangerine peel powder (P6). The parameters observed were S. oryzae mortality, increase in the number of S. oryzae imago (tails), symptoms of damage and loss of rice weight. The observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if significantly different, a further DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test was carried out at α 0.05. The results of the study showed that the best treatment was the treatment of 10 grams of grapefruit peel powder/100 grams of rice (P4) with S. oryzae mortality of 26.67%, an increase in the number of imago by 5.67 and a percentage of weight loss of 1.33%. In addition, the treatment that had a mortality that was not significantly different from the densest P4 treatment was the treatment of 10 grams of purut orange peel powder/100 grams of rice (P2) with S. oryzae mortality results of 20.00%.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)
Potential of Etanol Extract of Kirinyuh Leaf (Chromolaena odorata L.) To Control the Armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On the Long Bean Plant (Vigna sinensis L.). The armyworm, a polyphagous pest that damages long bean plants, is generally controlled with synthetic insecticides, but repeated use causes negative impacts on the environment and human health. As an alternative, bioactive compounds from plants such as kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) offer an environmentally friendly pest control solution. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in ethanol extracts of pennyroyal leaves, evaluate the effectiveness and optimal concentration of the extract against armyworms, and test its phytotoxicity on long beans. The study was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six extract concentration treatments (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and four replicates. The results showed that a 6% concentration of Chromolaena odorata L. leaf ethanolic extract is efficient in controlling Spodoptera litura larvae without inducing phytotoxicity in long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.). Sesquiterpenes and flavonoids in the extract showed insecticidal activity through toxicity, respiratory disruption, and damage to the nervous system of armyworms. Kirinyuh leaf ethanol extract has the potential to be an environmentally friendly botanical insecticide, but further research is needed to develop more practical formulations and concentrations and to evaluate its ecological impact.