Field Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Rhizoctonia solani in Pertiwi Exotic F1 Sweet Corn
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/Keywords:
Bacillus subtilis, biological control, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizoctonia solani, sweet cornAbstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne pathogen associated with sheath blight in sweet corn. This field study evaluated Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens as biological control agents and compared two application concentrations. The experiment was conducted in Katileng Hamlet, Luwung Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency, using a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five blocks. The treatments comprised an untreated control, B. subtilis at 25 and 50 mL L−1, and P. fluorescens at 25 and 50 mL L−1. Biological-agent application significantly influenced disease incidence, damage severity, and cob weight with and without husks. The 50 mL L−1 B. subtilis treatment produced 51% calculated efficacy at the final efficacy assessment and the highest reported cob weight without husk (284.40 g plant−1). Nevertheless, the assessment dates reported for disease variables and efficacy are inconsistent and must be checked against the original field records before submission. Claims concerning vegetative growth should also be retained only if the relevant methods and results are supplied.
References
Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 265–267.
Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.
Apastambh, A. R. (2025). Pseudomonas fluorescens as a PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium) and a biocontrol agent: A review. Zenodo, 2(1),148–150. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15737616
Bejarano, A., Preininger, C., & Sessitsch, A. (2018). Minireview: Maintenance and assessment of cell viability in formulation of non-sporulating bacterial inoculants. Microbial Biotechnology, 11(3), 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12880
Budiarti, S. W., & Bintang, A. S. (2022). Pengaruh suhu, pH, dan cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan in vitro Rhizoctonia solani pada tanaman jagung. National Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(2), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.32528/nms.v1i2.78
Central Statistics Agency. (2022). Statistik Indonesia 2022 [Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2022]. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Chrisnawati, Sudjijo, Marlen, L., & Nasrun. (2017). Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens antagonists in controlling Fusarium wilt disease in tomatoes. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 3, 273–277. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m030219
Deden, U. U., & Dukat. (2023). Preference and attack intensity Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in variety of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 11(2), 173–179.
Hashem, A., Tabassum, B., Fathi, E., & Abd_Allah, E. F. (2019). Bacillus subtilis: A plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium that also impacts biotic stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(6), 1291–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.004
Juliana, J., Parawansa, A., & Nontji, M. (2024). Inventory of sheath rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) attacks on corn (Zea mays L.) in Maros Regency. Agrotekmas: Jurnal Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 5(2), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v5i2.610
Komisi Pestisida. (2006). Metode standar pengujian efikasi pestisida. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Miljaković, D., Marinković, J., & Balešević-Tubić, S. (2020). The significance of Bacillus spp. in disease suppression and growth promotion of field and vegetable crops. Microorganisms, 8(7), 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071037
Mugiastuti, E., Suprayogi, S., Prihatiningsih, N., & Soesanto, L. (2022). Kemampuan Pseudomonas spp. pendar fluor dan Bacillus spp. dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah jagung. Jurnal Agro, 9(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.15575/18819
Pamungkas, G. V. K. S., & Tyasmoro, S. Y. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk hayati untuk mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik N dan P pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(9), 1644–1652.
Sari, W. I., Fajriani, S., & Sudiarso. (2016). Growth response of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) plants to vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(1), 57–62.
Setiaji, A., Annisa, R. R., & Rahmandhias, D. T. (2023). Bacillus bacteria as biological control agents and plant biostimulants. Jurnal Teknik, 16(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.21107/teknik.v16i1.17207
Sholeha, N. H., & Masnilah, R. (2022). Utilization of Bacillus sp. and organic fertilizers for controlling sheath rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani) in corn plants. Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian, 5(4), 215–221.
Soenartiningsih, S., Akil, M., & Andayani, N. N. (2015). Soil-borne fungus (Rhizoctonia solani), the pathogen of sheath blight disease of maize and sorghum and its control measures. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 10(2), 85–92.
Townsend, G. R., & Heuberger, J. W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. The Plant Disease Reporter, 27, 340–343.
